Any discussion on Shamshad ji's work is incomplete without more than a mention of Master Ghulam Haider, the renowned composer. Ghulam Haider Sahab had been born at Sindh in Hyderabad in 1908. He had undergone training in music from Babu Ganeshlal. He formally joined a dentistry school and would have gone on to become a dentist, but thankfully for us, fate deemed otherwise. His love for music forced him to quit dentistry Giving up dentistry, he worked in the theatre in Calcutta as a harmonium player - first at the Alfred Theatrical Company and then the Alexandra Theatrical Company. He briefly worked with the Jenaphone recording company as composer and broke into films in Lahore with the father-son duo of Roshan Lal Shorey and Roop Kishore Shorey.
Lahore was not a big film center in those days (Calcutta's New Theatres was the big center) but this was to change in the coming years. Even though the first Punjabi movie came in 1934, there was not a big market for them. Due to this reason, Ghulam Haider sahab got more work for non-film records. His wife Umraozia Begum was herself a renowned singer-actress who had quit films after marriage. It was at the Jenaphone Recording company that Ghulam Haider Sahab first met Shamshad who had come for an audition, brought there by her supporting Uncle. Ghulam Haider liked her audition and She was selected. She underwent rigorous training along with others (including Noorjehan) and thus started her partnership with Ghulam Haider sahab. He was to get many songs recorded by her in the coming years. According to some unconfirmed reports, he recorded atleast one song with her for the movie Majnu(1935) which had his music. She recorded lots of Punjabi songs and Naats also during that period for him, some of which were sung with Umrazia Begum as well who had become a good friend of hers. Shamshad ji also recorded some Bhajans durring ther period, although her name was replaced with a Hindu Name (Radha Rani) due to commercial reasons on the records. Shamshad also gained popularity by singing for All India Radio, first at Peshawar and later when it opened in Lahore.
Shamshad Begum has said in an interview, that Master Ghulam Haider was like her Guru. He was the one who guided her early career and helped her develop her style of singing. According to her, She learnt two lessons of Life from him. First, to be a good person and the second, just like water takes the shape of the vessel, the same way, one should adjust with the circumstances.
According to some estimates, Shamshad may have recorded nearly 200 non-film songs with Ghulam Haider in those days. Unfortunately, very less detail is available of those songs.
The Lahore film industry started developing very fast after Dilsukh Pancholi setup his Pancholi Studio at The Upper Mall, Lahore in 1937. He used Ghulam Haider's services for his movie Gul Bakavali which was a big hit. When Pancholi made the movie Yamla Jatt in 1940, Ghulam Haider made Shamshad sing for actress Anjana while the young Noorjehan sang for herself. The songs of the movie were extremely popular. The following year songs of Chaudhary also became popular. Noorjehan was the heroine of the movie but Shamshad ji also sang for the movie.
The big break for the duo however came with the Pancholi's movie Khazanchi alias The Cashier in 1941. Ghulam Haider had Shamshad sing all the songs for this movie. An adept composer, He gave his best to the movie and the results were there for all to see. The movie also heralded the introduction of Punjabi music including the use of the dholak and the tabla to give taal (beat) to Hindi film music. The songs of the movie were a huge rage. In particular, the duet he sang with Shamshad, Sawan Ke Nazaare Hain Ahaa Ahaa reverberated across the continent. Other songs like Mann Dheere Dheere Rona, Ek Kali Naazon Ki Pali and Diwali Phir Aa Gayi Sajni among others were not far behind in popularity. The quality of the music and playback singing is remembered till this day by the connoisseurs of Indian Cinema.
Ghulam Haider continued the trend in 1942 with Khandaan and Zamindaar both of which had songs sung by Shamshad ji. The songs of both the movies were also big hit. Khandaan was a Noorjehan starrer but Shamshad also had a few songs. Pee Le More Raja Pee Le is one of the songs sung by Shamshad ji. Zamindaar also had lovely music and Ghulam Haider's developing popular style. Duniya Mein Gareebon Ko Araam Nahi Milta and Mere Haal Par Bebasi Ho Rahi Hai sung by Shamshad ji were two of the popular songs.
Ghulam Haider knew how to compose songs which did justice to the singer's talents as well as the situation in the films. In 1943, Poonji was to bring him to the pinnacle with many more songs sung by Shamshad. Gaadiwaale Dupatta Uda Jaaye Re is just one of those lovely songs which showcase the talent of the duo.
In 1944, Ghulam Haider moved to Bombay. Shamshad ji had already moved there. Their partnership continued with Gyan Mukherjee's Chal Chal Re Naujawan, the Ashok Kumar- Naseem starrer. Shamshad had as many as five songs for the movie which were fairly popular. The songs include Mere Devta Lo Meri Aarti, Laaye Balamwa Mere Liye Haar, Ho Gori Pyar Bhara Dil and So Ja Meri Laadli. The most popular song was however, Jai Bharat Desh Teri Jai which was sung by Ashok Kumar with chorus.
Haider's arrival in Bombay, brought more innovations in his music and also added more dimensions to the duo's partnership. This was on full display in 1945, with the Nargis starrer Humayun. Shamshad sang the songs for the film which were immensely popular. Naina Bhar Aaye Neer was a chartbuster from the film. Tje other songs are also glowing gems in the partnership of the duo.
Haider also gave music for Phool the same year. The songs sung by Shamshad and Suraiyya were appreciated all over.
In 1946, the duo returned with Bairam Khan. All the six songs featured Shamshad and were loved by all. Two of those songs were Tum Kis Liye Aate Nahin and Ashqon Pe Khatam Hua Mere Gham Ka Fasaana. There even was a lovely song sung by Shamshad ji in chorus with the fresh singers Geeta Roy and Munawwar Sultana, Jab Chaand Jawaan Hoga. Ghulam Haider was thus, churning out more and more melodious songs.
Their other outing together that year, Shama was an even bigger hit which made waves all over. Not only did it produce hits but also brought the lovely Rehana into the limelight. Although, only in a supporting role here, She got herself noticed as She danced to the Shamshad-Zohrabai duet, Gori Chali Pee Ke Des. The other songs of the move are a listener's delight too. With Hamida, we have Shamshad singing an extremely delightful, Dil Thandi Hawa Mein Uda Jaaye, a song which makes the listener's heart also fly in the cold wind. Her duet with the other Punjabi singing sensation, G.M. Durrani, Ek Yaad Kisi Ki Yaad Rahi is similarly mandatory listening for their fans.
1947 saw the duo working on But Tarash which had some lovely songs as well even though it was not as successful as Shama. Of these, Faani hai Jawani Pee Le is a lovely example of their collaboration. Shamshad shows a quite different dimension of her singing in this slow song. Ghulam Haider probably used her voice for Nargis again in Mehendi the same year too but the songs and details are not available. Over all, 1947, the year was not very good for Ghulam Haider, one of the biggest reasons of which was the departure of many of his musicians to Lahore due to the partition.
In 1948, He tried to gain lost ground by promoting singers Surinder Kaur and Lata Mangeshkar in addition to Geeta Roy whose singing he had already been using. The songs of Shaheed were very popular as were those of Majboor.
However, He was getting inclined towards going to Pakistan. But he did not do so before using the services of Shamshad again for the film Kaneez. This movie also had Hansraj Behl as the composer for few songs. Ghulam Haider composed a lovely parting song for Shamshad ji, a duet with G.M. Durrani, Tum Kya Jaano More Maathe Ki Bindiya Ka Mol. The song is extremely pleasant and is a fitting parting for our lovely duo. Shamshad ji decided to stay back in Mumbai and thus the two got separated. With this the end of this golden collaboration came to an end.
Ghulam Haider gave music to a few films back in Pakistan. But only the music which did well was for the film he co-produced, the famous Noorjehan starrer Gulnaar in 1953. Sadly, He passed away just three days after its release at the early age of 45. Ironically, his composed Noorjehan song popular at that time from Gulnaar was, “Lo Chal Diye Voh Hamko Tassalli Diye Baghair, Ik Chand Chhup Gaya Hai Ujala Kiye Baghair”. It is indeed sad, that Ghulam Haider left the world suddenly at a young age like this, a Moon who could have spread so much light in the years to come. But again, we are greatful for all the lovely melodies which he left us that shall ensure that his name is saved for posterity.
As a tribute to the immensely talented duo, we are providing most of the songs of the combination for your listening pleasure, discussion and enjoyment.
Shamshad Begum, the legendary classical and playback singer of yesteryears was born on the 14th of April, 1919. Making her debut on radio in Lahore in 1937, the Lahore-born singer captivated the hearts of listeners with the enchanting depth of her voice. The then AIR Lahore helped her in entering the world of movies as frequent broadcasting of her songs induced music directors to use her voice for film songs. Shamshad Begum also recorded 'naats' (Islamic devotional songs) for a couple of gramophone recording companies.
Lahore-based composer Ghulam Haider used her voice skilfully in some of his earlier films like ‘Khazanchi’ (1941) and ‘Khandan’ (1942). When he shifted to Bombay in 1944, Shamshad Begum went with him as a member of his team. In 1944, when Mehboob Khan launched his historical venture 'Humayun', Master Ghulam Haider used Shamshad Begum's voice in the film. That was the time when Amirbai Karnataki was the considered number one playback singer in Bombay. With the introduction of Shamshad Begum to the film, contemporary composers almost fell over each other in booking her for the recording of their songs leading to an extremely prolific career till the mid to late 1950s. Music directors like C Ramachandra, SD Burman and Naushad used her as their prime female vocalist in the early part of their careers.
Shamshad created sensations with her songs in her very first film ‘Khazanchi’, the song that gained that became most popular was 'Ek Kali Nazon Se Pali'. After that, she gave countless hit songs like 'Duniya Me Ghareebon Ko Aaram Nahi Milta' (Zamindaar, 1942), 'Armanon Ki Basti Me Hum Aag Laga Baithe,' (Shirin Farhad, 1945), 'Dil Thandi Hawa Me' (Shama, 1948), 'Mere Piya Gaye Rangoon..' (Patanga, 1949), 'Milte Hi Aankhen,' (Babul, 1950), 'Saiyyan Dil Me Aana Re,' (Bahaar, 1951), 'Boojh Mera Kya Naam Re' (C.I.D, 1956), 'Kabhi Aar Kabhi Paar', (Aar Paar, 1954), 'Maine Dekhi Jag Ki Reet,' (Sunehre Din, 1949), 'Kahin Pe Nigahen Kahin Pe Nishana,' (C.I.D, 1956), 'Pee Ke Ghar Aaj' (Mother India, 1957), etc. Even the one rendered as late as 1968 for ‘Kismat’ under OP Nayyar, after her retirement; 'Kajra Mohabbat Wala Ankhiyon Mein Aisa Dala' proved a superhit. Her duet with Kishore Kumar, 'Meri Neendon Mein Tum' from ‘Naya Andaz’ (1956), similarly, remains almost a touchstone of melodious romance.
Shamshad Begum sang many songs for Punjabi movies as well which were very popular. In addition, She has sung few songs in other languages like Tamil, Bhojpuri and Rajasthani also. She has sung for non-film records in Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu and Pashto also. She has sung over 1600 songs in all.
We can judge the popularity of her songs by the number of remixed songs which are storming the music market today. 70 per cent of these remixes were originally sung by Shamshad. And by the popularity of these remixes one can easily judge her popularity in 'her' days. Many yesteryear singers and composers are against this remixing of the old songs but Shamshad feels that there is no harm if the younger generation is enjoying the old songs in their new 'avtaar'.
Today Shamshad Begum is totally out of the media and films but she enjoys the memory of the golden past even today. She listens to the old melodies of yesterdays and lives peacefully in Bombay.
It is a well known fact that Shamshad Begum has been perhaps the most reclusive film artist alive. To keep the promise given by her to her conservative father, She refused to be photographed for almost three decades. She was known to have often worn the burqa to the studios. Even though She had a million fans, only a few industry insiders knew how She looked like! She was extremely media shy and almost never interacted with the press. She spoke to her fans only through her lovely voice. Due to this reason, there has always been paucity of information on the legend. Post-retirement, She became even more inaccessible. One can imagine, how difficult it must be to get information on Shamshad Begum in such a situation. ज़ाहिर है कोई दीवाना ही इस कमी को दूर करने की सोच सकता है!
Shri Chandrakant Mohanlal is the fanatic who took it upon himself to fill this void in film history and the result of his efforts is now before us in the form of a compendium of Shamshad ji's songs, aptly called, "Khanakti Aawaaz... Shamshad Begum".
Normal men on retirement, usually choose to spend time with family slowly withdrawing from everything. But, then, Chandrakant ji is no ordinary person. He is a retired mathematic professor from Indore who had grown up with a daily diet of Shamshad Begum's songs and that mellifluous voice never left him. It however pained him that information on an artist of her calibre was slowly becoming extremely difficult to come by. Even though remixes of her songs were immensely popular it was virtually impossible to find information on her songs. An ordinary man would have left it at that, but Chandrakant ji took it upon himself to make that change.